Combustion-engine.



C. 3. H. PENNiNG.

COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION min rse. zo, ma.

Patented oct. 7. 1919.

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.1. H. PENNlNG.

,COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPucATmN FiLED ris. 2o. |918.

Patented Oct.. 7, 1919.

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CORNELIS J OAN NES HUGO PENNING, 0F NEW YURK, N. Y.

COMBUSTION-ENGINE.

Specicationot Letters Patent.

Patented oct. 7, 191e.

Application filed February 20, 19,18. Serial No. 218,189.

To all 'whom it ma concern:

Be it known t at I, CORNELIS JoANNns HUGO PENNING, a subject of the Queen of the Netherlands, and a resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful `Improvements in Combustion- Engines, f which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to combustion engines of the kind shown in m British Patent 12,068 of May 23, 1913, w erein the cylinders are arranged in pairs, each cylinder having two pistons, between which the explosion occurs, the movement of the pistons being transmitted to a single crank shlalft by means of rockers and connecting ro s.

The object of this inventionv is to provide improvements more especially applicable to two-cycle engines, and also various improvements in details of construction and oiling, whether of the type employing carbureters for forming the explosive charge, or of the Diesel or semi-Diesel types.

In two-cycle engines embodying this invention, the casings inclosing the cylinders and moving parts are of such shape as to connect the open ends of each cylinder through a communication passage running preferably parallel with the cylinder, form- 1ng pump spaces, and also isolate gas tight each pair of cylinders from one another, and from the crank shaft casing. The motor consists of a main casting containing the cylinders and also part of the crank casing, together with top and bottom covers of such shape as to close the cylinder ends and also the crank casing. o

The rockers are of such an improved shape as to have a gas-tight bearing surface against the main casting and covers. By this construction, a gas-tight partition is obtained in a plane runnin between the c linders through crank sha and rocker sha ts. The rocker 1s not necessarily supported in the bearing surfaces provided in covers and main casting but is preferabl supported in roller or ball bearings placed 1n housings on the outside of the assembled housing. Caps placed on these housings bind the main casting and covers together and keep dirt out and oil in. i

To admit the .ex losive mixture from c arbureter, or air, to e pump space, induction ports are provided in the cylinder and are uncovered by one or both pistons at the end of the inward stroke. Each cylinder has an inlet port located to be uncovered foy one piston about at the end of its working stroke, and an exhaust port located, to be uncovered by the other piston 'ust before the end of its workin stroke. he inlet port of each cylinder 1s connected td the communication passage or pumpA space of that cylinder, so that the pistons vcharge the pump space on their inward stroke and compress such charge on their outward stroke until it is released into the open cylinder at one end through the inlet port. The cylinders are thus thoroughly7 scavenged from end to end and the fresh charge compressed during the succeeding inward stroke, and fired at the end of this stroke to drive the pistons outward. The ignition means is placed between the innermost piston position, so as to he swept by the incoming scavenging charge.

A further feature of the invention consists in utilizing the pressure variations in the pump spaces for pumping lubricating oil from the cylinder whose pump space is under compression to the cylinder whose pump space is at the same time under reduced or sub-normal pressure.

In the accompanyin drawings:

Figure 1 is a verticalnsection through both cylinders of one unit,

Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken at right angles to Fig. 1 through the crank shaft, showing one cylinder in back ground,

Fig. 3 is a plan view with t e top cover removed,

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4 4, of Fig. 1,

Fig. 5 is a vertical elevation partly in section of a modification, showing the induction ports leading direct to crank case to which carburetor is fixed,

Fig. 6 is a side elevation of Fig. 5,

Fig. 7 is a section on the line 7-7 of Fig. 5, and I Fi 8 is a top plan view of either form.

Re erring to Figs. 1 to 4, 1 represents a vertical casing or main casting having supporting feet 2, showing a,water jacket 3, a hole 4 for a spark lu between the pistons 5, in cylinders 6. lilac cylinder has at one end an exhaust port 47, reversed as shown, and at the other end inlet ports 8 opening into a communication assage 9 which runs from end to end of each cylinder connecting pump spaces 10. Thus when the pistons move outwardly simultaneously in either cylinder they compress the charge for the next cycle in the spaces 10 for that cylinder and its communication passa e 9. Each cylinder is separated from t e other by walls 11 in the detachable covers I16 at top and bottom, and b the bearing surfaces formed for the roc ers between the main casting and covers. In these surfaces grooves with suitable packing can be arranged. Beyond the inlet ports 8 of each cylinder are induction ports 12 which communicate with charge spaces 13 surrounding the cylinders, these induction ports 12 being opened simultaneously by the pistons when in extreme inward position, so that the vacuum `existing in the spaces 10 is filled by in-rush of air or charge from the spaces 13. A carbureter connection 14 is provided throu h the casing at any suitable point, and a so a water connection 15, the other water connection not being shown but being disposed at the other side at the iowest part of the water space. The pum spaces 10 are closed by hollow detachab e covers 16 forming at the bottom oil wells 17 havin overflow holes 18 which discharge the 011 into a bottom reservoir 19, thereby forming a cold oil Welland also at the top forming a top oil reservoir for feeding the top rockers.

Each piston is connected by rod 20 with a rocker arm 21 mounted on a rock shaft 22, and the shafts 22 are each connected by a pitman 23 to the crank 24 or crank shaft 25, so that the four pistons work on one crank. The crank shaft carries at one end a fly wheel 26 and atthe other end a starting shaft 27. The pitman 23 is connected to the rock shaft 22 by means of disks 28 on the end thereof, oneof which is rovided with a. finished face 29 which is hel against a coperating finished face 30 on the casting so as to Aform a gas ti ht joint, the face 29 beshown as provi ed with rooves for suita le packing. A balance weight is provided betwen these disksto counterbalance the weight `of the pitma-n. A thrust bear in 31 and screw 32 are provided for regulatlng the bearing pressure so that there is no as leakage.

he oil overflow from reservoir 17 runs into reservoir 419 from which pipes 33 provided With non-return valves ead to oil ,pipes 34 in the upper head, the pipes 33 ing crossed as shown so that the pressure in one chamber on one side forces -the oil to the top' of the cylinder on the other side which is at that time partly exhausted ow ing to the pistons bein at their inner. end s of travel, thus providmg an automatic oil pumping system. The oil overows from the tops of the pistons down through the communication passage 9 to the bottom. This oiling system serves the cylinders and rockers and is strictly isolated4 from the crank casing. The crank shaft connecting rods are oiled by splash lubrication, oil being kept in the crank case and thrown up by lower rocker arm balance weight.

In the modification shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7, the carbureter or air inlet 14 is connected to the space 35 in which the connecting rods 22 work, and this space 35 is con nected to the pump spaces and the c linders 6 by induction ports 36, 37 being t e communication passages. 38 is adeiiector adjacent the opening 14 for preventing oil being thrown into carbureter.

If desired, an ordinary oil pump may be driven from crank shaft 25 through gears 40 and 41 driving pump 42, and gear 41 may also drive a gear 43 and a magneto shaft 44.

It will be seen that this engine is adaptable for various kinds of operation, but the compression for operating on the Diesel principle will of course be higher than that for operatin on relatively low compression where the ciiarge is ignited by a spark or flame. An engine of this type can be built in as many units as desired, all arranged parallel to each other and workin on a common crank shaft. This engine has the advantage of providing large power in smaller spaces, eliminates valves, sleeves, or other distributing devices, and produces complete scavenging of the cylinders from end to end without gas pockets. As herein shown, ball bearings are used throughout which is an advantage, and is ossible herein owing to the loads being distributed and the bearings being either in water cooled space, as for instance the main crank shaft bearing adjacent the crank, or else at portions o the cylinderwhich are normally cooled.

What is claimed, is:

1. A vertical combustion engine having parallel cylinders yeach having two oppositely movable pistons, a crank shaft extending transversely between said cylinders, rockers pivotcd etween the ends of said cylinders and` connected to the pistons, a connecting rod from. one end of each rocker to the crank shaft, a communication passage connecting the opposite ends of each cylinder, the cylinder end spaces being proportioned to compress the charge durin the working stroke of the pistons and eing sealed by the rockers against leakage of charge outside the compression spaces, an inlet from each communication assage to the corresponding cylinder, open by one piston at the end of its working stroke, an exhaust port at the other end opened by the other piston about at the end of its working ing space for stroke, induction ports to the pump space controlled by said pistons'at the end of the compression stroke, and a gas supply connected to saidV induction ports.

2. An engine of the double cylinder two cycle rear compression type, each cylinder havin twooppositely movable pistons connecte to rockers, correspondinpistons being connected to the same roc er, and the rockers to a crank shaft2 the rockers being outside the rear compresslon spaces and having gas tight side bearings on the cylinder castin to prevent leakage of gas between the cy inder ends. Y

3. An engine of the kdouble cylinder two cycle rear compression type, each cylinder having removable heads and two oppositely movable 'ist/ons connected to a common crank sha t through rockers, covers for the rockers, the said rockers, rocker covers, and cylinder body are so formed as to isolate gas tight the ad] oining ends of the cylinders.

4. A combustion engine comprising two parallel cylinders with their ends each connected to a charge pumping space, oppositely moving pistons in each cylinder connected by rockers to a common crank shaft midway between the cylinders, the pumping space for each cylinder being isolated from the other by a communication passage and a gas tight rocker packing.

5. A combustion engine comprisin two parallel cylinders with their ends eac 'connwted to a charge pumping space, the pumpeach cylinder being isolated imm the other, and one cylinder being oiled from the other by variations of pressure in said pumping spaces.

6. n a' 'multiple cylinder engine having the cylinders arranged in pairs, a pumping space at the end of each pair, the upper and lower pumping spaces bein divided into chambers separated by gas tight partitions, the lower end also bein-g horizontally divided so as to form upper level reservoirs overflowing into lower reservoirs, and crossed oil leads from the lower reservoirs to the upper portion of the opposite cylinder and arranged to raise oil by variations of pressure in said pumping spaces.

7. A combustion engine comprising two parallel cylinders with their ends each connected to a charge pumping space, two opposiftely moving pistons in each cylinder so connected to a common crank shaft that one cylinder is pumping on the rear sides of the two pistons while the rear sides of the pistons in the other cylinder are compressing, an oil reservoir below each cylinder, and cross oil connections between said oil reservoirs and the upper portions of said cylinders so that one cylinder is oiled by the compression in the other.

8. In a combustion engine having two cylinders each having a piston and a space subjected to alternate compression and vacuum, an oil reservoir for each cylinder subject to similar pressure variations, and cross oil connections between each reservoir and the com ression space of the other cylinder where y to oil moving parts from said reservoirs by the pressure of one cylinder feeding oil to the other during the vacuum of the latter.

9. A combustion engine comprising two parallel cylinders having transverse bearings for a crankshaft midway of and between the cylinders, rocker bearings at each end between the cylinders, a rocker at each end, two pist/ons in each cylinder connected to said respective rocker, said cylinders havin reversed inlet and exhaust ports controlled by said pistons, connecting rods between said rockers and the crankshaft, oil retaining covers for the cylinder ends, a communication passage between the ends of each cylinder, and inlet ports to the ends of said cylinders outside said other ports and controlled by said pistons to admit charge to the ends of said cylinders.

Signed at New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York this 13th day of February, A. D. 1918.

CORNELIS JANNES HUGO PENNING. 

